In general, vision works
because light is reflected from objects and enters the eye. However,
ancient models of the nature of vision often argued for extramission:
vision occurs because energy leaves the soul, exits the eyes, and
either changes the physical medium or actually contacts objects
in the world. Although the intromission model is clearly correct,
many beliefs appear to derive from an intuitive model of perception
that is largely extramissionist. For example, many people, when
asked, will state that they can feel someone staring at their back
when they didn't know someone was there. Many common expressions
also convey an extramissionist model of vision (e.g., cast a glance).
In fact, most children and many college students explicitly accept
extramissionist statements about how vision works (see work by Winer
& Cottrell). These errors may represent a misunderstanding of
the difference between seeing and looking. Looking implies an attentive
mechanism that in many ways is extramissionist. However, this misunderstanding
can also lead to incorrect interpretations of real physical events.
That is, if people assume that looking and seeing are equivalent,
they may mistakenly believe that vision is based on extramission.
This project explores the limits of these intuitive perceptual beliefs
both by asking subjects to accept or reject extramissionist statements
and by asking them to make decisions about physical events. We find
that even when observers know the intromission model of vision,
they still incorrectly interpret physical events according to an
intuitive extramissionist belief system. In other words, college
students often reason as if the eyes work like flashlights. |